There exists the James Randi $1-Million challenge to prove that water can retain memory for extended periods of time. This is the foundational argument of homeopathy.
Traditionally, it has been shown that water memory (the ability to store knowledge about elements that were introduced into the water; then, later removed absolutely) can exist for no more than 50 millionths of one nanosecond .
Jacques Benveniste (1988) was supported in his contentions by physicist Brian Josephson ; and, by the additional laboratory work of pathologist Madeline Ennis. However, double-blind tests failed to corroborate these findings of alleged of water to retain long-term memory.
Further, Nikolai Fedyakin conducted experiments to produce what he called anomolous water; later tests proved this "polywater" to be poor science.
Polywater or cold fusion may be examples of pathological science.
The history of homeopathy introduces an interesting practice of utilizing sonic vibrations in the preparation process of its promoted products; namely,"n producing remedies for diseases, homeopaths use a process called "dynamisation" or "potentisation", whereby a substance is diluted with alcohol or distilled water and then vigorously shaken by 10 hard strikes against an elastic body in a process homeopaths call "succussion".[6][75] Hahnemann advocated using substances that produce symptoms like those of the disease being treated, but found that undiluted doses intensified the symptoms and exacerbated the condition, sometimes causing dangerous toxic reactions. He therefore specified that the substances be diluted, due to his belief that succussion activated the "vital energy" of the diluted substance[76] and made it stronger. To facilitate succussion, Hahnemann had a saddle-maker construct a special wooden striking board covered in leather on one side and stuffed with horsehair.[citation needed] transcript). Insoluble solids, such as quartz and oyster shell, are diluted by grinding them with lactose ("trituration")."
Jacques Benveniste (1988) was supported in his contentions by physicist Brian Josephson ; and, by the additional laboratory work of pathologist Madeline Ennis. However, double-blind tests failed to corroborate these findings of alleged of water to retain long-term memory.
Further, Nikolai Fedyakin conducted experiments to produce what he called anomolous water; later tests proved this "polywater" to be poor science.
Polywater or cold fusion may be examples of pathological science.
The history of homeopathy introduces an interesting practice of utilizing sonic vibrations in the preparation process of its promoted products; namely,"n producing remedies for diseases, homeopaths use a process called "dynamisation" or "potentisation", whereby a substance is diluted with alcohol or distilled water and then vigorously shaken by 10 hard strikes against an elastic body in a process homeopaths call "succussion".[6][75] Hahnemann advocated using substances that produce symptoms like those of the disease being treated, but found that undiluted doses intensified the symptoms and exacerbated the condition, sometimes causing dangerous toxic reactions. He therefore specified that the substances be diluted, due to his belief that succussion activated the "vital energy" of the diluted substance[76] and made it stronger. To facilitate succussion, Hahnemann had a saddle-maker construct a special wooden striking board covered in leather on one side and stuffed with horsehair.[citation needed] transcript). Insoluble solids, such as quartz and oyster shell, are diluted by grinding them with lactose ("trituration")."
